One confusing thing to me was the word "server". An "MCP server" is a server to the LLM "client". But the MCP server itself is a client to the thing it's connecting the LLM to. So it's more like an adapter or proxy. Also I was confused because often this server runs on your local system (although it doesn't have to). In my mind I thought if they're calling it a server it must be run in the cloud somewhere but that's often not the case.
> But even after a few hours of reading about what MCP is and working through an example , it can be confusing to follow exactly what is happening when and where. What does the LLM do? What does the MCP server do? What does the MCP client do? Where does data flow, and where are choices made?

Yeah MCP is the worst documented technology I have ever encountered. I understand APIs for calling LLMs, I understand tool calling APIs. Yet I have read so much about MCP and have zero fucking clue except vague marketing speak. Or code that has zero explanation. What an amateur effort.

I've given up, I don't care about MCP. I'll use tool calling APIs as I currently do.

I find the opposite after reading the spec. Did you read the spec? I mean the actual spec. not Python API documentation and such. :)

It’s just JSON RPC between a client, one or more servers. The AI agent interaction is not part of what the protocol is designed for except for re-prompting requests made by tools. It has to be AI agnostic.

For tool call workflow: (a) client requests the list of tools from the known servers, then it forwards those (possibly after translating to API calls like OpenAI toolcall API) to any AI agents it wants; when the AI then wants to call a tool (b) it returns a request that needs to be forwarded to the MCP server for handling; and (c) return the result back to the AI.

The spec is actually so simple no SDK is even necessary you could just write a script in anything with an HTTP client library.

Oh, there's a spec! Something concrete, with definitions?! I'm starting to read now, and for the first time I understand something concrete, even if it's still somewhat verbose.

I've spent so much time clicking through pages and reading and not understanding, but without finding the spec. Thanks so much!

It's a pretty bad spec that has a lot of artifacts of having been generated by an LLM. But at least it exists!
Yeah it is not a well thought spec. There is a big confusion about what is a MCP Client and what is a MCP Host. Which is a useless separation as what they call in the spec a client is just a connection to a server while MCP host is what is a real client (the apps using MCP like claude desktop, cli tools, etc).
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MCP is a kitchen sink of anti-patterns. There's no way it's not forgotten in a year, just like Langchain will be
The super power of MCP is that it allows you to hook up arbitrary tools using a flatrate like Claude Pro. That alone will make sure it stays.
Since when in the history of computing has the former implied the latter?
what's the problem with Langchain? still super hot to me though I did not use it myself, yet.
> still super hot to me though I did not use it myself, yet.

try it and you'll figure out

Langchain has been on the out to be forgotten for 3 years now
It's a half-baked, rushed out, speculative attempt to capture developer mindshare and establish an ecosystem/moat early in a (perceived) market. It's a desperate "standard" muscled in by Amazon/Claude, similar to their overwrought "Smithy" IDL that basically nobody outside the Amazon SDK team chooses to use for API/Schema management. It will end up in that same niche in the long term, most likely... AWS/Amazon/Claude specific app integrations, buried underneath some other 3rd party framework that abstracts it away and makes the "spec" irrelevant.
Except that in just six months there are literally thousands of MCP servers out there in use.

Will it be supplanted? Perhaps. But it's not going to die a natural death.

Yes it is gaining traction. It is still bad. And it will probably not improve as the spec will only add things to try to fix it but it should remove.
MCP and Smithy aren’t comparable. Smithy is an internal tool used by almost every single team (it is used far, far more widely than just the SDK teams) at Amazon to define APIs and generate API servers/clients. It was released publicly because “why not?”, but I assure you that Amazon doesn’t care if you use it or not.
As long as MCP "just works" (and it does) and is relatively simple enough, then simply by being first, rather than being best, is what made it successful.

It's already gone so viral it's practically entrenched already, permanently. Everyone has invested too much time saying how much they love MCP. If we do find something cleaner it will still be called MCP, and it will be considered a 'variation' (new streaming type) on MCP rather than some competitor protocol replacing it. Maybe it will be called 'MCP 2.0' but it will be mostly the same and retain the name.

I have trouble understanding the level of criticism about MCPs. As I understand it, it's just a tool that allows an LLM to communicate with other tools.

People often talk about web APIs, but we should also consider the integration of local tools. For me, the integration is mind-blowing.

When I tried the Playwright MCP integration [0][1] a few months ago, I really felt that after giving computers the ability to speak or communicate, we had now given them arms. I still get goosebumps thinking about it.

[0]https://youtu.be/3NWy_sxD3Vc [1]https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-mcp [EDIT]

Same here. Built a very rough Cucumber spec+Playwright test script generator on top of Playwright MCP and a Claude project.

Pasting in a product owner's AC and and watching it browse through our test env for a few minutes before spitting out a passing - and passable - spec+test was kind of mind blowing.

IIRC people say that MCP is initially made for CLI / local tool execution for agent-based ai like cursor.

And prople are skipping on service discovery. Making ai know what steps / operation is good.

> For me, the integration is mind-blowing. When I tried the Playwright MCP integration ... I still get goosebumps thinking about it.

Same. To see apps reverse engineered by LLMs with Ghidra [0] blew me away. It CTFed-out hard-coded access tokens and keys from .so's in seconds.

[0] https://github.com/LaurieWired/GhidraMCP

MCP is practically useful, but the total lack of security in its "design" for me just underlines the type of YOLO-driven development and lack of quality that's being marketed as productivity improvement in software engineering too often these days.
If you look at stdio-based, local tooling problem for code assitants as the primary goal I'm not sure if it's YOLO or that they just don't care/ feel the need to address the security problems before the world rushes to build public servers.
Using MCP in production has a lot of tricky edge cases. This post describes some cool solutions to them https://www.stainless.com/blog/what-we-learned-converting-co...
Isn't MCP just an OpenAPI spec that everyone agrees on? I don't really get the confusion around it
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It’s originally an Anthropic spec.
To be more precise, it's JSON-RPC with service discovery and cli support (CMIIW)
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MCP Clients need to support auth (and probably the spec needs to have a broader set of options for auth) - this is going to be a major blocker for adoption.
The lack of some form of session setup process in the core protocol (not the current 'session' setup that negotiates the protocol) is certainly a PITA. I've been working on using MCP in a multi-tenant setup and it basically means I can't use any MCP Server as delivered at this point. Conceptually MCP is great. In certain single-user scenarios it is great. I think it'll eventually be great for me once the use case of "multi-tenant gateway service" becomes feasible.
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you need an env secret to know which tenant to serve
What makes you say that?
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Most providers don't support auth in their client implementations yet. Means it's only good for calling into public data. Private enterprise data is where there's huge value.
Not to complain but this "introduction" would've been better if it was just a simple tool to add numbers to make an LLM able to solve "What is 10 + 50?" using a remote tool. By solving a complex problem you've just added unnecessary complexity. Everyone would've already known how to extend a function call to solve some other set of problems. Sure it made the intro more "impressive" as an actual accomplishment, but seems like counterproductive impressiveness bordering on just showing off. lol. Nice work tho. I was impressed.
I feel like I need the opposite, a cursory view, or at least a definition.

Most of the material on MCP is either too specific or too in depth.

WTF is it?! (Other than a dependency by Anthropic)

look at the <client> implementation here, https://modelcontextprotocol.io/quickstart/client

that's the missing piece in most of these description.

You send off a description of the tools, the model decides if it wants to use one, then you run it with the args, send it back to the context and loop.

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I found that the other day and finally got what MCP is. Kinda just a convenience layer for hooking up an API via good "old" tool use.

Unless I'm missing something major, it's just marginally more convenient than just hooking up tool calls for, say, OpenAPI. The power is probably in the hype around it more than it's on technical merits.

The ideal is that you can simply connect to whatever MCP Server endpoint you need, without needing to code your own tools.

The reality is that the space is still really young and people are figuring things out as they go.

The number of people that have no real clue what they are doing that are jumping in is shocking. Relatedly, the number of people that can't see the value in a protocol specifically designed to work with LLM Tool Calling is equally shocking. Can you write code that glues an OpenAPI Server to an LLM-based Tool Calling Agent? 100%! Will that setup flood the context window of the LLM? Almost certainly. You need to write code to distill those OpenAPI responses down to some context the LLM can work with, respecting the limited space for context. Great, now you've written a wrapper on that OpenAPI server that does exactly that. And you've written, in essence, a basic MCP Server.

Now, if someone were to write an MCP Server that used an LLM (via the LLM Client 'sampling' feature) to consume an OpenAPI Server Spec and convert it into MCP Tools dynamically, THAT would be cool. Basically a dynamic self-coding MCP Server.

Except in practice it is far less convenient because it constantly breaks, with terrible error handling
I had a fun one yesterday. The `mcp-atlassian` server failed trying to create multiple Jira tickets. The error response (and error logs) was just a series of newlines (one for each ticket we wanted to create). Turned out the issue was the LLM decided to mis-capitalize the project code. My best guess is it read the product name, which has the same letters but not fully uppercase, and used that instead of the Jira project code which was also provided in the context.
A standard protocol that allows many different Applications to provide context to many different LLMs.

Conversely, it allows many different LLMs to get context via many different Applications using a standard prodocol.

It addresses an m*n problem.

It's a vibe-coded protocol that lets LLM models query external tools.

You write a wrapper ("MCP server") over your docs/apis/databases/sites/scripts that exposes certain commands ("tools"), and you can instruct models to query your wrapper with these commands ("calling/invoking tools") and expect responses in a certain format that they can then use.

That is it.

Why vibe-coded? Because instead of bi-directional websockets the protocol uses unidirectional server-side events, so you need to send requests to a separate endpoint and then listen to the SSE hoping for an answer. There's also non-existent authentication.

You are complaining about the transport aspect of the specification.

The protocol could easily be transported over websockets. Heck, since stdio is one transport, you could simply pipe that over websockets. Of course, that leaves a massive gap around authn and authz.

The Streamable HTTP transport includes an authentication workflow using OAuth. Of course, that only addresses part of the issue.

There are many flaws that need improvement in MCP, but railing against the current transports by using a presumably denigratory term ("vibe-coded") isn't helpful.

Your "that is it" stops at talking about one single aspect of the protocol. On the server side you left out resources and prompts. On the client side you left out sampling, which I find to be a very interesting possibility.

I think MCP has many warts that need addressing. I also think it's a good start on a way to standardize connections between tools and agents.

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more than vibe coded it feels vibe concieved

but that doesnt have to be necessarily negative

I see zero reason they couldn't have used standard websockets and made it simpler and more robust.

Awful case of "not invented here" syndrome

I'm personally interested in if WebTransport could be the basis for something better

https://youtu.be/74c1ByGvFPE?si=S-5oBO8ptL_7WmQ9

I like this succinct explanation.

It's an API to expose tools to LLMs.
Or... it's a tool to expose APIs to LLMs.
functions that an LLM can use in its reasoning are called "tools", so the prior is probably more correct in the sense that an API can be used to provide the LLM tools
I just thought the inversion was fun. A lot of MCPs are basically wrappers around APIs, hence the comment. But certainly not all of them.
My eye twitches every time I see something like "a lot of MCPs are". It's probably a lost cause at this point, but it's an MCP Server, not an MCP. And the other side of that connection would be an MCP Client that lives in an MCP Host which almost certainly could simply be called an Agent.
Are you sure it's not the primary antagonist from Tron (1982)?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tron_characters#Master...

Hah! I'd totally forgotten about that. Thanks! Now I need to go re-watch the movie.
It also supports Resources and Prompts, not just Tools.
This is a VFAQ https://hn.algolia.com/?q=what+is+mcp

But to save you the click & read: it's OpenAPI for LLMs

OpenAPI for LLMs is such a good way to describe it!
it's so apt that one of the most common question/statements I hear is why not use OpenAPI? I don't know the answer. Or WTF is streaming HTTP? Sure feels like we're trying to reinvent web sockets. It must be either #notinventedhere or while the genius devs build the LLMs the interns do the documentation and SDKs
Seems apt to me as well.

Before the whole "just use OpenAPI" crowd arrives, the point is that LLMs work better with curated context. An OpenAPI server not designed for that will quickly flood an LLM context window.

So.. why not use OpenAPI?
"“MCP is an open protocol that standardizes how applications provide context to LLMs, what’s the problem?”"

We are already off to a wrong start, context has a meaning specific to LLMs, everyone who works with LLMs knows what it means: the context is the text that is fed as input at runtime to LLM, including the current message (user prompt) as well as the previous messages and responses by the LLM.

So we don't need to read any further and we can ignore this article, and MCPs by extension, YAGNI

This is a really shallow dismissal, and I say that as someone who is outspokenly critical of MCP [0].

As you yourself say, the context is the text that is fed as input at runtime to an LLM. This text could just always come from the user as a prompt, but that's a pretty lousy interface to try to cram everything that you might want the model to know about, and it puts the onus entirely on the user to figure out what might be relevant context. The premise of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) is overall sound: how do we give the "Model" access to load arbitrary details into "Context" from many different sources?

This is a real problem worth solving and it has everything to do with the technical meaning of the word "context" in this context. I'm not sure why you dismiss it so abruptly.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43949503

Well, that's the worst take I've seen all week, and it's Friday.

Agent LLMs are able to retrieve additional context and MCP servers give them specific, targeted tools to do so.

For anyone confused, you can play with mcp for free on usetexture.com
There are thousands of ready-made MCP servers hosted on https://smithery.ai